FINAL EXAM
Question #1: Describe Wallach’s Law:
ANSWER: The interlinking of C5H8 isoprene units to form terpenes
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Question #2: The majority of early terpene scientists were mostly chemists from which country:
ANSWER:
a. Romania
b. United Kingdom
c. Switzerland
d. Germany
e. Russia
Question #3: Draw a line to connect each terpene with the proper category:
ANSWER: A-F, B-H, C-G, D-E
a. Farnesene e. Acyclic monoterpene
b. Beta-caryophyllene f. Acyclic sesquiterpene
c. Pinene g. Bicyclic monoterpene
d. Linalool h. Bicyclic sesquiterpene
Question #4: Which scientist discovered the THC molecule?
ANSWER: A – Raphael Mechoulam
a. Raphael Mechoulam
b. Susan Trapp
c. Wilhelm Triebs
d. Ethan Russo
Question #5: Which researcher is noted for their studies on the interactions and putative synergy between THC and CBD?
ANSWER: D – Ethan Russo
a. Raphael Mechoulam
b. Susan Trapp
c. Wilhelm Triebs
d. Ethan Russo
Question #6: What is the top monoterpene in cannabis?
ANSWER: Pinene
___________________________________________
Question #7: What is the top sesquiterpene in cannabis?
ANSWER: Beta-caryophyllene
Question #8: What is the most common flavonoid in cannabis?
ANSWER: Cannflavin A
___________________________________________
Question #9: Flavonoids are based on which molecular skeleton:
ANSWER: B – C6C3C6
a. C4C2C4
b. C6C3C6
c. C2C4C2
d. C3C6C3
Question #10: Flavonoids are named after the Latin word, ‘flavus.’ What does this word mean?
ANSWER: E – Yellow
a. Of flavor, flavorful
b. To season, as in food
c. Purple
d. “favored one”
e. Yellow
f. Herbaceous
Question #11: Some terpenes and flavonoids can influence the growth cycles of other plants and some insects. Terpenes and flavonoids used by plants for this purpose are called:
ANSWER: A – Allelochemicals
a. Allelochemicals
b. Phytochemicals
c. Phytonutrients
d. Alleyoopicals
e. Oilvetols
f. Geranyls
Question #12: Pinene and myrcene are found in high concentrations in which trees?
ANSWER: B – Coniferous trees
a. Deciduous trees
b. Coniferous trees
c. Ficus trees
d. Synthetic trees
e. Sigillaria trees
Question #13: The basic flavonoid molecule contains how many rings?
ANSWER: B – 3
a. 4
b. 3
c. 2
d. 5
Question #14: This cannabinoid is both an endocannabinoid and a phytocannabinoid:
ANSWER: C – Anandamide
a. Delta-11-tetrahydrocannabinol
b. Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol
c. Anandamide
d. Beta-caryophyllene
e. Fenchol alcohol
Question #15: Explain the “oid” distinction in terpenes, cannabinoids, and flavonoids:
ANSWER: Occurrence of an oxygen atom in the molecule; compound is oxygenated
________________________________________________________________
Question #16: Explain the “A” designation of THCA, CBDA, CBCA, CBGA:
ANSWER: The “A” denotes the acid version of the compound before decarboxylation
__________________________________________________________________________
Question #17: Define this acronym: CB1
ANSWER: Cannabinoid Receptor type 1
_____________________________________________________________________________
Question #18: Name the Top 10 terpenes in cannabis:
ANSWER: Pinene, Beta-Caryophyllene, Myrcene, Limonene, Humulene, Linalool, Bisabolol, Nerolidol, Ocimene, Terpinolene
___________________________,
___________________________,
___________________________,
___________________________,
___________________________,
___________________________,
___________________________,
___________________________,
___________________________,
___________________________
Question #19: Name the Top 5 flavonoids in cannabis:
ANSWER: Cannflavin A, Cannflavin B, Orientin, Rutin, Apigenin
___________________________,
___________________________,
___________________________,
___________________________,
___________________________,
Question #20: To retain the most monoterpenes possible, when is the best time to harvest cannabis?
ANSWER: Early morning, before the sun comes up and / or temperatures rise
_______________________________________________________________
Question #21: Which of the following is a Top 10 terpene in cannabis:
ANSWER: B – Terpinolene
a. Terpineol
b. Terpinolene
c. Terpinene
d. Turpentine
Question #22: Which Top 10 terpene is named after the hops plant?
ANSWER: D – Humulene
a. Valencene
b. Terpinolene
c. Myrcene
d. Humulene
e. Humulus
Question #23: Which terpene is the primary constituent responsible for the smell of roses?
ANSWER: D – Geraniol
a. Geranyl acetate
b. Guaiol
c. Bergamotene
d. Geraniol
Question #24: Which bicyclic sesquiterpene is responsible for the spicy characteristics of black pepper?
ANSWER: A – Beta-caryophyllene
a. Beta-caryophyllene
b. Caryophyllene oxide
c. 4-ol-caryophyllene
d. 2,-8-caryophyllene
Question #25: What is the primary factor determining the terpene, flavonoid, and cannabinoid profile of a cannabis chemovar?
ANSWER: B – Genetics
a. Number of rings
b. Genetics
c. Oxygenated state
d. Indica / sativa
Question #26: Beta-sitosterol, often included in cannabis flavonoid tests, is not a flavonoid. Instead, this compound is a:
ANSWER: C – Phytosterol
a. Plant cortisone
b. Steroidal acid
c. Phytosterol
d. Phytol
Question #27: Name 3 experimental methods of manipulating the terpene profile of a cannabis strain / chemovar:
ANSWER: Genetics, harvest timing, disease stress, insect stress, co-planting for allelochemical stress, mechanical wounding, chemical treatment
______________________, ______________________, ______________________
Question #28: D-limonene and L-limonene, as well as D8-THC and D9-THC are examples of:
ANSWER: D – Isomers
a. Stereometrics
b. Functional groups
c. Geranyl substitutions
d. Isomers
Question #29: Myrcene is a well-known:
ANSWER: A – Sedative
a. Sedative
b. Diuretic
c. Antispasmodic
d. Analgesic
Question #30: Commercially-produced limonene is sourced primarily from:
ANSWER: B – Oranges
a. Lemons
b. Oranges
c. Limes
d. Grapefruit
Question #31: Which scientists first proposed the “Entourage Effect?”
ANSWER: C – Ben-Shabat and Mechoulam, et. al.
a. Russo and McPartland, et. al.
b. Pickens and Fairbanks
c. Ben-Shabat and Maechoulam, et. al.
d. Cogan and Duggan, et. al.
Question #32: Most research into the entourage effect or synergy has focused on which two compounds?
ANSWER: D – CBD and THC
a. THC and CBG
b. CBGA and THC
c. THC and CBC
d. CBC and THC
Question #33: Which compound is the precursor to most of the cannabinoids?
ANSWER: B – CBGA
a. CBCA
b. CBGA
c. CBDA
d. THCV
Question #34: Name one of Russo’s 3 papers that are heavily cited as evidence of synergy:
ANSWER: A Tale of two Cannabinoids, Taming THC, The Case for the Entourage Effect
__________________________________________________________
Question #35: The Entourage Effect takes place in:
ANSWER: D – Endocannabinoid System
a. Geranyl phosphate pathway
b. Limbic system
c. Mevalonate pathway
d. Endocannabinoid system